Kaplan, hinds, kobayashi, oi and kamimura, kubota, and. Pdf contrastive rhetoric download read online free. The contrastive rhetoric hypothesis kaplan, 1966 predicts that language users across cultures will vary in the means they use to construct coherent discourse. This volume explores contrastive rhetoric for audiences in both esl contexts and international efl contexts, exposing the newest developments in theories of culture and discourse and pushing the boundaries beyond any previously staked ground. Contrastive rhetoric and the japanese writer of efl. Kaplans contrastive rhetoric hypothesis has brought him both fame and obloquy. According to kaplan, text production is influenced by different cultural thought patterns represented schematically in the diagrams, and a comparison of these patterns can predict the kinds of problems learners face when writing in their l2. From these six dissertations, books, reports and journal articles were found about the theory of contrastive rhetoric and contrastive rhetoric in chinese and english contexts. It starts out with the familiar and then keeps pushing the reader into going further into understanding what possible uses there are for this type of exploration.
The field of contrastive rhetoric, founded by robert kaplan in the 1960s, emphasizes kaplans belief that ell students development of ideas in writing is systematically different from the patterns that appear to be natural in english. Contrastive rhetoric revisited and redefined sets out to expand the possible uses of contrastive rhetoric. Directions in contrastive rhetoric research liu xinghua. Crosscultural aspects of secondlanguage writing ulla connor frontmatter more information. The origin of contrastive rhetoric revisited ying 2000. Contrastive rhetoric and the teaching of composition robert b. Academic writing involves more than using correct grammar. The theory of contrastive rhetoric was first put forth by robert kaplan in the mid 1960s to explain the differences in writing and discourse between students who were native speakers of english and their international counterparts.
There are few studies that examine the impact of first language and culture on the ability of saudis to write in a second language. Finally, a playful attempt will be made at a new set of contrastive diagrams or wiggles. Whorf view of language as a causal determination is not compatible with kaplans 1966 position that rhetoric is evolved out of a culture. The focus are the role of first language conventions of discourse and rhetoric structure on second language usage, as well as cognitive and cultural dimensions of transfer, particularly in. A dynamic model of l2 writing, journal of second language writing on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Contrastive rhetoric revisited and redefined 1st edition. Questioning traditional contrastive rhetoric in the years following kaplans 1966 study, a number of studies began to offer empirical evidence against his claims. Originally proposed by kaplan 1966 as a pedagogical solution to the problem of l2 organizational structures, contrastive rhetoric has seen a significant growth. Kaplan makes assumptions about l1 rhetorical patterns based entirely on. Contrastive rhetoric is an area of research in second language acquisition that identifies problems in composition encountered by second language writers and, by referring to the rhetorical strategies of the first language, attempts to explain them. Kaplan, with regard to language, the theory that diverse languages contain varying rhetorical traits, suc. Composing in a language other than ones first language is a complex process which involves, in addition to familiarity and interest in the writing topic, many subskills the studentwriter needs to master to communicate accurately, fluently, and. In 1966, kaplan published his famous and controversial article on contrastive rhetoric, cultural thought patterns in intercultural education, which served as a basis for the study of contrastive rhetoric. Contrastive rhetoric in world englishes volume 11 issue 1 yamuna kachru.
The theory of contrastive rhetoric was first introduced by kaplan 1966 as a solution to the challenges learners experience in the organisational structures of a second language, also known as l2. This paper attempts to appraise robert kaplans contrastive rhetoric in the light of a multilanguage research project on discourse structure. Kaplans early contrastive rhetoric was criticized for seeming to privilege the writing of native english speakers. Kaplan in connor, 1996 reasserted that contrastive rhetoric was not meant as a teaching. Argumentation pragmatics, text analysis, and contrastive.
Contrastive rhetoric in world englishes english today. The cartoon depicts an archeologist studying a stone covered with pictographs. Contrastive rhetoric revisited and redefined book summary. The most influential specialist on cr together with robert b. Contrastive rhetoric is the study of how a persons native language and cultural background influence his writing style in a second language. Is there a place for crosscultural contastive rhetoric in. Contrastive rhetoric has been growing since 1966 and nobody had taken care of setting down its theoretical foundations and its reserch methodology until ulla connor has done it. Connor 1996, 1997 claims that the origin of early contrastive rhetoric lies in the sapir. Qualifying claims about contrastive rhetoric carol severino joe essid assumes no responsibility for any hilarious, bawdy, or surreal errors introduced when this document was scanned. Understanding contrastive rhetoric well makes people realize explicitly how. Initiated almost thirty years ago by the american applied linguist robert kaplan, contrastive rhetoric maintains that language and writing are.
Chapter 2 contrastive rhetoric and studies of chinese and english. Kaplan this chapter begins by discussing the concept and origins of the term contrastive rhetoric. Criticisms of kaplan and matalene exemplify the problems that traditional forms of contrastive rhetoric research have had, the most serious of which is a tendency. Home university of southern california dissertations and theses a study of the contrastive rhetoric of arabic, english, japanese, and spanish page 1 reference url save to favorites remove from favorites.
This article argues that her claim does not appear tenable. Contrastive rhetoric and the teaching of composition. Contrastive rhetoric is a branch of applied linguistics with very close ties to specific teaching situations. That hypothesis which he later modified was basically a reformulation in terms of written argumentation of the linguistic relativity or sapirwhorf hypothesis. Edited by ulla connor, ed nagelhout, and william rozycki find, read and cite.
Pdf contrastive rhetorical analysis of saudi esl writing. Concurrence with kaplan when the students agreed with kaplan for example, see sample. The second limitation of kaplans work concerns its reductionist approach to l1 rhetoric. The idea of contrastive rhetoric for kaplan had its inspirations in four areas. It claims that, whereas different languages do favor different rhetorical patterns, kaplans specific analyses are in. In a brief description of the writing process, the questions of appropriate topics, acceptable evidence and effective organization are discussed and culturally. The role of chinese efl learners rhetorical strategy use. Pdf on dec 23, 2008, will baker and others published contrastive rhetoric. Kaplan 1966, the contrastive analysis of rhetoric can help foreign language instructors to teach advanced learners how to write in another language. Linguistics devoted an entire issue to contrastive rhetoric kaplan. Many saudis studying english suffer because of their inability to write well in english. It has gone beyond text analysis to include investigations of political. Contrastive rhetoric contrastive rhetoric is the study of how a persons first language and culture influence hisher writing in a second language.
In a brief description of the writing process, the. Contrastive rhetoric research shows that different cultures have different expectations of writing and that these different expectations are internalized as different patterns of discourse. This chapter begins by discussing the concept and origins of the term contrastive rhetoric. The term rhetoric is used to denote elements of rhetorical organisation in written discourse. The problem for contrastive rhetoric research is to develop a method for reliably describing this variation. Implications for the current teaching of english writing at universities in japan ferred patterns of writing are genre dependent.
Initiated thirty years ago in applied linguistics by robert kaplan, contrastive rhetoric maintains that. Contrastive rhetoric studies have illuminated the written work of second and foreign language l2 learners to reveal the effects of. If one accepts this criticism of the traditional approach to contrastive rhetoric, how should the teaching and tutoring of writing be modified. In 1966, kaplan published his famous article cultural thought patterns in. Pdf directions in contrastive rhetoric research researchgate. It traces the history of contrastive approaches to the study of second language writing and explores interrelationships with other. The book presents a comprehensive set of empirical investigations involving a number of first languages. Kaplan the text of my sermon for today is drawn from a cartoon which appeared in the publishers newspaper syndicate sunday comics grin and bear it on february 2 of this year. Robert kaplans theory of contrastive rhetoric liemnathania. Cambridge university press 9780521446884 contrastive rhetoric.
Directions in contrastive rhetoric research pages 1 8. This idea was first introduced by american linguist robert kaplan in his article cultural thought patterns in intercultural education in 1966. Cultural thought patterns in intercultural education. A dynamic model of l2 writing paul kei matsuda purdue universi. The book is an introduction to the field of contrastive rhetoric, an area of research in second language learning that identifies learners problems in composition and attempts to explain them by referring to the rhetorical strategies of the first language. A discussion of challenges for contrastive rhetoric will follow in terms of teaching ideologies, standards, norms, and choices of english.
A study of the contrastive rhetoric of arabic, english. Pdf on dec 23, 2008, will baker and others published contrastive. Schedule for upcoming classes 67 technology and writing. Like other titles in the cambridge applied linguistic series, contrastive rhetoric is clearly organised to allow both the lay teacher and the specialist in second language writing ease of access to specific information whilst also being a satisfying cover to cover read. Cambridge university press writing ulla connor frontmatter.
Contrastive rhetoric and the japanese writer of efl waiching enid mok university of hawaii at manoa in the last two decades, contrastive rhetoric cr has expanded tremendously in scope. Is there a place for crosscultural contastive rhetoric in english academic writing courses. According to kaplan 1966, the way a person writes is influenced. Robert kaplan anatomy, contrastive rhetoric, revisited, who first proposed his contrastive rhetoric hypothesis twenty years ago in the essay, cultural. Rhetorical conventions like organization and the perceived role of the audience are important considerations and differ across cultures. Contrastive rhetoric studies with implications for the esl writing classroom began with robert kaplans 1966 study of some 600 l2 student essays. The education of composition teachers, tutors, and researchers about culturally influenced rhetorical differences in writing, or.
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